Create Your Own Reality

Adapted from Power, Freedom, and Grace by Deepak Chopra (Amber-Allen Publishing, 2006).

Our senses tell us that events happen within space and time. There is a past, present and future, and the world operates through linear cause-effect relationships. I have to walk from here to there, from one location to another. This causes a timeline to appear.

That is how our senses experience the world, but in fact the world is not like that. The world is synchronistic, it's coincidental, it's happening simultaneously. Infinite possibilities coexist at the same time. Everything is happening all at once, and everything is correlated and instantly synchronized with everything else. This simultaneity can only happen through what is called infinite correlation. Infinite correlation is the ability to do an infinite number of things and correlate them with one another at the same time.

SIMPLE SOLUTION: Physicists no longer use the word time; they use the term space-time continuum because they know that time is a relative phenomenon; it's not absolute. The movement of planet Earth spinning on its axis and hurling around the sun at thousands of miles per hour creates our experience of time. But time is an illusion; it's an internal dialogue we use to explain our experience or perception of change and relationship.

How does all of this apply to us? Well, the way we interpret the concept of time—how we metabolize our experience of time—brings about distinct physiological changes in the body-mind.

In the present, you can experience the past; in the present, you can anticipate the future. But if you can stay in the present, if you can be with the present, then even the physical changes that normally occur with the passage of time will not occur in your body. There is a saying from a Vedic master: "The only reason people grow old and die is that they see other people growing old and dying."

A Victim of Domestic Violence

I'm a survior of Domestic Violence.

My last LTR [Long Term Relationship] was good and bad. He and I owned our own business. We traveled around the SE USA. We took trips to Mexico and Costa Rica for business and pleasure. We'd stay for a month or two at each place we lived. We sold Bromeliads and ended up moving down to Florida. We even was able to do Epcot's Flower and Garden Show, Silver Dollar City's Craftsman Fest, Dollywood's Craft Fest, and sold our product to Bush Gardens in Tampa Bay. Was a very exciting life. I loved every minute of it. Our professional relationship was beautiful. We were the greatest team.

At home, things were different. Verbal, spiritual, physical, mental and emotional abuse was frequent by him. One of our disagreements turned more physical than ever - He hit me so hard, I fell down the steps and broke my elbow. Now I'm still carrying that wound. I have limited movement in my right elbow. I can barely move it. It's in a "locked" position. The doctors tried, but no luck.

I still stayed with him after this. I was very afraid. I didn't know where to turn or what to do. 6 years of this. 6 years of his abuse. There are many things that happened during this time. I won't bore you with all the details but I'll tell you I finally got the courage to leave him. I turned to my family for help and support.


The moral of the story is simple. If you are a victim of abuse of any type - please find your inner strength and courage - and make it stop. I know how scary it is to do. Please - females and males - don't allow yourself to be abused in any shape, form or fashion! Find a friend, neighbor, shelter, or family member and PLEASE GET OUT! You are worth so much more!

If you have children - then its more critical to leave - with the kids! The last thing they need is watching one parent abuse another. Sadly, the abusive will usually turn on their own children or step-children. Studies also show that the abusier will abuse any animal that is in the home as well - take them too!

You are loved more than you know. You are braver than you realize. Your life is precious. You hold the keys to power over the abusier.

I am 5 years free of him... 5 years of a new and interesting life. The road is still bumpy and long.... but worth every bit of it!


Love, Peace and Light
Terrah Dawn

The Triskelion Rite Of Tea

Purpose: The purpose of this working is to pay homage to the Gods
and to reflect on Their blessings upon this your life.

Tools:

Herb(s) for tea
Container for herb(s)
Cup(s) and Tea Pot
Decanter of Pure Spring Water
Brewing dish with candle
Scrying Candle
Prepare By: Placing a small table or platform in the center of your
working space and arranging the Brewing dish, herbs, cup(s), Tea Pot
and spoon on the table. Also place the cauldron with scrying candle
within for use during the meditation. (Use the diagram, which
follows, as a guide for arranging of the tools.) Prior to casting
the Circle, light candle and fill the Brewing dish with Spring Water
from a decanter. Keep the Brewing Dish covered during the Casting,
as I have found this helps the water to heat faster and hotter.



The Blessing of the Herbs
With the tip of your Athame touching the Herbs, intone this blessing:

Thou has grown by favor of the Sun,
The Moon, and of the dew.
I make this intercession, ye herb:
I beseech thee to be of benefit to me and my rite,
For thy virtues are unfailing.
Thou art the Dew of all the Gods,
The Eye of the Sun,
The Light of the Moon,
The Beauty and Glory of the Sky,
The Mystery of Terra.
I purify thee so that
Whatever is wrought by me with thee may,
In all its powers,
Have a good and speedy effect with good success.
Be purified by my prayer and be powerful!

So mote it be!




When water is hot enough, place the herbs in the Tea Pot and add
water from the brewing dish, give it a couple of stirs.

While the tea is steeping, intone this Prayer.

Earth Mother
Giver of life
Strengthen me during my life-long strife.
Teach me Your ways of perfect love,
Peace, and wisdom true.
Spawn from my purest heart
These words to You
May this prayer help me to better
Myself in word and deed,
To a higher plane I shall succeed.
Beautiful Light of Goodness Fair
Lore of old we both do share
A Witch's brew, I drink to You
My love for You, by day, by night
In thought and in sight
Will my soul learn
The meaning of this life again.



Pour out a cup for all present, including one for the Gods, and
enjoy.

Sit before the table and meditate on the blessings that the Gods
have bestowed upon your life. You may use the scrying candle here to
focus upon for your meditation. If the Gods so choose They may give
you a Message or Vision through the blessings of the Sight.

You may relax now and finish off the pot. (Note: this rite is not to
take the place of The Feast, but is to be used as a time of blessing
and communing with the Goddess).

Tea Time

TEA TRAVELS (TM)
A SPRINGTIME TEA Menu
By Ellen Easton Reva Paul C. 2004 All Rights Reserved A springtime tea is the perfect time of year to embrace the luxuries of fashion. Whether your party is an indoor formal affair or outdoor garden celebration, it is a great excuse to put on your favorite dress, pearls and gloves with the added indulgence of a fabulous new hat. Invite your friends and loved for a festive gathering.

SANDWICHES and SAVORIES
Honey Ham & Sliced Asparagus with Watercress Butter in rolled White bread
Cheddar Cheese and Chopped Chive spread on Brioche slices
Crab, Avocado & Bacon with Dill Butter in Whole grain Bread cones
Chicken, Granny Smith Apple and Golden Raisin salad in Cucumber Cups
Chopped Egg, Tomato and Fresh Mint in Celery Boats
Lavender Scones with Rose Petal Jam and Devon Cream

SWEETS
Mini Meringue Cups with Whipped Cream, Currant Jelly & Raspberries
Pastel Iced Vanilla Petit Fours
Orange Blossom infused Chocolate Truffles
Lemon -Lime Curd Mini Tarts
Caramel Glazed dipped Jumbo Strawberry

TEAS*
SHANGHAI ROSE- Rose Petals & White Tea
LADY GREY-Bergamot, Lavender Flowers & Black Tea
CITY HARVEST GREEN- Jasmine, Apple & Green Tea (20% to City Harvest)

ROSE PETAL JAM
yield: one pound

1/2 pound pink or red edible rose petals
2 cups sugar
4 1/2 cups water
juice of 2 lemons

Cut white bottom off of each petal. Place rose petals in a bowl and sprinkle sugar to coat each petal. Save overnight. In a saucepan place remaining sugar, water & lemon juice. Dissolve contents over a low heat. Stir in rose petals, simmer 20 minutes. Bring to a boil, continue boiling for 5 minutes until mixture thickens. Pour into a clean, warmed jar, cover & label. Store in a cool place.

LAVENDER SCONES
YIELD: 12 Scones

2 cups all purpose flour
1 Tablespoon baking powder
4 Tablespoons (1/2) stick) sweet, unsalted butter
1/4 cup sugar
2 teaspoons fresh lavender or 1 teaspoon dried culinary lavender, coarsely chopped
2/3 cup milk, plus extra for glaze

Preheat oven to 425 degrees. Grease & flour a large baking sheet. Sift flour and baking powder together in a large mixing bowl. Mix in the butter until the mixture looks like fine bread crumbs. Stir in the sugar and lavender (save a small amount to sprinkle on top of scones before baking). Add enough milk to make a soft, sticky dough. Turn dough out onto a well floured surface. Cut dough into 1 inch thick rounds with a cookie cutter. Place scones on the prepared baking sheet. Brush the top of each scone with a dash of milk and sprinkle with the reserved lavender and sugar. Bake for 10 to 12 minutes, until golden brown. Serve with rose petal jam and Devon cream.

ORANGE BLOSSOM infused CHOCOLATE TRUFFLE
YIELD: 40 Truffles

1/4 cup sweet, unsalted butter,chopped
1/3 cup heavy cream
7 oz. semi sweet chocolate, chopped
1 egg yolk*
1 teaspoon grated orange peel
2 tablespoons zest of mixed citrus peel (orange, lime, lemon)
2 tablespoons Grand Marnier (or substitute 1 teaspoon Orange extract or to taste)
unsweetened cocoa powder

In a small saucepan, combine butter and cream. Over a low flame, heat until the butter melts and the cream bubbles around the edge. Remove from heat, add chocolate. Cover and let stand until chocolate melts. Stir until smooth. Stir in egg yolk*. Mix in orange peel, citrus peel and Grand Marnier. Chill until firm. Roll into balls. Roll balls in cocoa. Refrigerate in airtight container. Will hold for two weeks. * If eggs are a problem in your area, omit egg yolk from recipe.



A Summer Rose Tea
By Ellen Easton C. 2003 All Rights Reserved According to the folklore of tea, once upon a time a lady was not allowed to socialize unescorted except in her rose garden. It was here women met, unrestricted by social rules of etiquette, to speak freely amongst the roses.

Throughout Europe, during the 1800s, the theme of the rose continued to weave a thread, as afternoon tea flourished in both the public gardens and tearooms.

Fashionable women's tea gowns embraced the delicate pastel palate of a summer bouquet. Their elaborate bonnets were adorned with floral displays of roses embellished in silk, ribbon and natural petals.

The decoration of tearooms included accoutrements,fabrics, vances and trellises of roses to insure that their patrons would once again feel free to gossip under the roses.

There are unlimited was to incorporate the theme of the rose into your own tea. Whether you are simply enjoying a single cup of tea or entertaining, be adventurous and creative in exploring the possibilities.
ROSE INSPIRATIONSATTIRE: Hat, parasol, gloves, fans, print dress, skirt or top; fresh, silk or jeweled rose pin.

INVITATIONS, PLACE CARDS & MENU CARDS: Purchased or self made.

TABLE DECORATIONS: Center pieces, linens, napkin rings, china, crystal, silver, baskets.

MENU: Rose petal tea*, rose tea jelly, rose petal drop scones, edible rose adorned savories, hand decorated rose sugar cubes*, handmade embossed oval rose white chocolate mints*. Rose shaped cookie cutters to prepare sandwiches and sweets.
ROSE PETAL TEA JELLY8 oz. ROSE PETAL TEA*
8 oz. BOILING WATER
4 oz. SUPERFINE SUGAR
1 TBS. ORANGE JUICE, strained
1 oz. (1 envelope) GELATIN

Make a pot of very strong rose petal tea. In another pot add water, sugar and orange juice. Heat until sugar is dissolved. In a cup, add a little boiling water to the gelatin. When dissolved, ad to water, pour in strained tea. heat slightly, pour through strainer into jars, seal and refrigerate. Serves 24.
ROSE PETAL DROP SCONES
The Wildflower Inn on Cape Cod2 1/4 Cups UNBLEACHED, ALL PURPOSE FLOUR
2 tsp. SUGAR
2 tsp. BAKING POWDER
1/2 tsp. BAKING SODA
3/4 tsp. SALT
1/2 tsp. cinnamon
1/4 Cup (1/2 stick) UNSALTED BUTTER
1/3 Cup Coarsely ground PISTACHIOS NUTS (shelled, unsalted)
1 Cup HEAVY CREAM
1 TBS. ROSE WATER
2 TBS. ROSE PETALS, cleaned and finely shredded. NO PESTICIDES.

ICING

1 Cup CONFECTIONERS SUGAR
3 TBS. ROSE WATER
1 TBS. RED CURRENT JELLY

Pre - heat the oven to 425 degrees. In a large bowl, combine the flour, sugar baking powder, baking soda, salt and cinnamon. Cut in the butter and mix until coarse crumbs form. Stir in the pistachios.

In a separate bowl, combine the cream and the rose water. Stir in the shredded rose petals. Add the rose mixture to the dry ingredients. Stir until a soft dough forms. Drop dough by the teaspoonful onto an ungreased baking sheet. Bake 10 to 12 minutes, or until golden brown. Prepare the icing. In a small bowl, combine the powdered sugar, rose water and the red current jelly. Whisk until smooth. Add another teaspoon of rose water if the mixture is too thick. Drizzle over the warm scones. Serves 24.




Happiness Tea

2 parts chamomile
2 parts lemon balm
2 parts rose petals and hips
1/4 part lavender blossoms

Mix herbs together. Use one tablespoon per cup of hot water, steep,
and enjoy an uplifting cup of herbal tea. (This is also good,
because it is relaxing as well) Store this tea in a glass container
away from sunlight and dampness.

Create A Spiritual Temple in Your Home

How To Create A Spiritual Temple:

Sacred space is perhaps something that few of us actually feel we
have the area to accommodate. We think in terms of a room or corner
of a room that, once cleansed, would feel perfect for our spiritual
work. However, sacred space is a "must have" for any who consider
meditation or spiritual work a part of daily life.

Life is busy, home space is full or in short supply. So what do you
do? Here are a few unique types of temples, all workable and all
designed for efficient use of the space you have. Construct your
temple, cleanse it and use the power it will draw. Temples have a
psychological effect as well as energizing our soul. We let the
mundane world drift into the background as we reconnect with the
power within us. Feed your soul. Give your soul the space it needs
to grow within you. Compliment your spiritual self by setting up a
sacred spot.

- The Corner Temple - usually constructed in the corner of a room,
using a triangular shelf set up for efficient space. The main shelf
should be roomy enough to accommodate a bowl of some kind or
chalice, a small container of salt and perhaps an incense burner and
pair of candles. Make absolutely sure the candles have plenty of
room above them for fire safety. Use a smaller shelf, mounted much
further up, for storage of magical temple items that you don't need
to display on the main temple altar, such as a bell, censor or
herb/parchment/ink storage



The Kitchen Temple - often if we try, we can make space in a
kitchen, on shelves, cabinets, microwave stands or windowsills.
Placement of candles, little pots of herbs, a cheer water container
and perhaps a small bouquet of fresh flowers can help convert a
tired old spot into a vibrant area of light and peace. Kitchens
naturally lend themselves to cheery and nature-based design. Make
sure to incorporate herbs of your choice, wheat as an earth
representation and water or tea. I use the most wonderful sun/moon
tea pot for my water container. It lends itself to my kitchen
magical area.

- The Temple Bath - nothing is such a treat as a long hot bath with
all of the surrounding atmospheric enhancements. To sink into the
water element, immerse yourself in the heat, inhale the lavender
aromatherapy candle and let your mind and soul relax entirely. Work
out something with the space around the tub itself. With a little
ingenuity you can do wonders with odd places. Incorporate hanging
shelves and use the three-tiered wire basket to place your sacred
items. I use one that I hang from the shower rod that surrounds our
tub. In the small top basket, I've placed a mesh pouch of herbs I
like. The steam from the bath rises and releases the herbs' scents.
In the second, I have bath items such as aromatherapy packets, body
washes and such. In the largest basket, I have a stoppered bottle of
purified water to rinse with, an incense cone holder and cones and a
spare unlit candle. The candles I do light are well away from any
material or overhead obstruction.

- The Window Temple - one space often overlooked is the window sill.
Along with the sill, you get light, both sunlight and (usually at a
specific time of year) moonlight. If you are lucky enough to have
four inch sills or more, you can place an altar nicely there. Hang
packets of herbs or stones from the window frames, use a long narrow
container to do a crystal garden and grow a plant or two in that
window. These lend the earth element as well as fresh oxygen for
maximum space cleansing. If you really want to fancy it up, use
stained glass or other semi-transparent hanging decorations for your
window. Prisms are wonderful and draw light in through magical
angles, creating rainbows in your home.

As you can see, temple space is not hard to achieve once you put
your mind to it. Using oddly shaped shelves, crates, nooks and
crannies, you can create a place of tranquility and escape for your
head, your heart and your soul.

Herbal Cleaning Recipes

Today I have a VERY easy way to make an herb vinegar
that you can use in cleaning around the house, garage
or basement. Experiment with the herbs listed until you
come up with your favorite blend!

You'll need a large jar that has been cleaned and has a lid.
(I find plastic lids work best. If they have metal on, place a
double layer of plastic wrap over the jar opening before putting
on the lid. The vinegar corrodes it a little bit as it "brews". If
you have an old gallon sun tea jar you can make a lot of this
at once!

Fill the far with the leaves, stems or flowers of one or more of
the following herbs:

sage
mint
rosemary
lavender
wormwood

Pour white or cider vinegar over the herbs to fill the jar. Cover
and place on the lid. Put in a cupboard or somewhere else out
of the way and steep it for 6 weeks. Strain when finished. You
can then use it in recipes that call for vinegar to clean. Such
as this one:


Sink and Tub Cleaner

You'll need:
1/2 cup baking soda
1/8 cup herb vinegar

Mix together in a pail or bowl. Scrub your sinks for about
5 minutes (or the tub), rinse off with warm water. Wipe
dry with a soft rag.

Floor Cleaner

You'll need:
1/2 cup herb vinegar
1 gallon of water

Mix in a pail and mop as usual.

Glass Cleaner

You'll need:
1 quart water
1/2 cup herb vinegar
2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice or 5 drops lemon essential oil

Mix in a spray bottle and use on windows.



Linoleum Cleaner

You'll need:
1 cup herb vinegar
2 gallons water

Mix in a pail and mop as usual.

To clean hair brushes and combs: Mix 2 tablespoons
borax with a quart of the herb vinegar and mix well.
Soak, clean and rinse brushes and combs. You can
also use on china and crystal.

Kitchen Omens and Superstitions

KITCHEN OMENS AND SUPERSTITIONS
The reading of omens is an art and practice dating back to antiquity. Omens reveal many things and are all around us, if we permit ourselves to be aware of them. They can be quite beneficial, especially in warning us of dangerous situations ahead of time. The trick is knowing how to correctly interpret the omen.

The kitchen is one place in which many omens manifest. For instance, a rainstorm is portended by the repeated boiling over of a coffeepot and also by the accidental spilling of water on a tablecloth. Other omens include the following:

* Money will soon come your way if any of the following things should occur: bubbles appear in a cup of coffee, you accidentally knock over a sugar bowl, rice forms a ring around the edge of a pot, or tea leaves float to the top of the cup.

* Trouble is indicted by the accidental omission of spices from a recipe or by the spilling of salt. Be prepared for an argument with someone if you should happen to spill pepper on the kitchen table or floor. (According to occult tradition, these bad omens can be remedied by simply adding the spices, and by tossing a pinch of salt or pepper over your left shoulder, respectively.) It is also said that if two persons stir the same boiling pot or sit together on a table, they will soon find themselves involved in a quarrel.

* If your apron comes untied by itself and falls off while you are working in the kitchen, this is generally seen as a sign that someone is thinking about you. Some say that it means your sweetheart is having romantic thoughts about you at that moment.

* It is believed by many to be an omen of good news when baked apples burst while in the oven, or when the salt and sugar are accidentally mixed up.

* If a fork accidentally falls onto the floor, a woman will soon knock on your door; a spoon indicates the arrival of a gentleman. (In some parts of the world, the fork means a man, and the spoon a woman.) Unexpected or unwelcome visitors are also presaged by the dropping of a knife that sticks in the ground and by cracks that form on the shells of eggs boiling in a pot of water.

* If you are engaged or wish to get married, according to an old belief once common in England, you should take care to never sit on a kitchen table, for this will break the engagement and also prevent you from ever being wed.

* There are also numerous kitchen omens concerning bread. It is considered unlucky in certain countries to wash a bread-knife on a Sunday, cut both ends of a loaf of bread, leave a knife stuck in the loaf, or take the last slice of bread. Accidentally dropping a slice of bread with the buttered side down is also said to be a bad omen; however, it is a good sign if the dropped bread lands with the buttered side up. If you and another person reach for the same slice of bread at the same time, an unexpected visitor will soon appear.


Apple Peel Divination:

The next time you are peeling apples, try to remove the peel in
one long single strand. Using your right hand, toss the strand over
your left shoulder. The letter of the alphabet that it forms will
be the initial of (a) in old folklore, your future husband or (b)
for teenage girls, your next boyfriend.

*Kitchen Folklore found from different sources

Natural Cleaning Solutions: The Laundry & Stains

*Note: Any of the Carpet and Upholstery solutions can be used on clothing too. Just be careful of very delicate items!


Laundering Blankets, Woolen

Check that wools can be washed and dried, some labels may specify dry cleaning. Measure a woolen blanket before washing. It should be blocked or stretched to original size after laundering.

Pretreat spots and stains. If the binding is heavily soiled, brush it prior to laundering with a liquid detergent or a paste made of detergent granules or soap and water. Or use a prewash soil and stain remover. Wash only one large blanket at a time.

Fill the washer with warm or cold water depending on the degree of soil, and a cold water rinse. Add detergent or soap. Agitate briefly to dissolve the product completely. Stop the washer; add the blanket. Distribute it loosely and evenly around the agitator. Soak for 10 to 15 minutes, depending on the amount of soil. Start the washer and advance the control until agitation stops and wash water has been pumped out of the tub. After about 1 minutes spin, slowly advance the timer to the deep rinse cycle. Allow washer to finish the wash cycle automatically.

Dry a woolen blanket on the high temperature setting. To absorb moisture and dry a blanket more quickly, place 3 or 4 dry towels in dryer. Preheat towels for 3 to 5 minutes. This helps absorb moisture, dry blankets rapidly and avoid pilling caused by long tumbling. Place the blanket in the dryer with the warm towels. Set dryer control for about 20 minutes. Check the blanket after 10 minutes. Remove wile still slightly damp to avoid shrinkage.

Place blanket on flat surface or over two lines to finish drying. Stretch it to its original shape. When the blanket is completely dry, brush gently to raise nap. Press binding with a cool iron, if needed.


Removing Mildew in Fabrics

Remove mildew spots as soon as you discover them. Do not give the mold growth a chance to weaken or rot the material. Brush off any surface growth outdoors to prevent scattering the mildew spores in the house. Sun and air fabrics thoroughly. If any mildew spots remain, treat washable articles as described below. Dry-clean non-washable articles.

Wash mildew-stained articles at once with detergent and water. Rinse well and dry in the sun. If any stain remains, use lemon juice and salt or another bleach. If you use a bleach, be sure to first test colored fabrics for colorfastness.



Lemon juice and salt

Moisten stain with a mixture of lemon juice and salt. Spread in the sun to bleach. Rinse thoroughly.


Peroxygen bleach

Mix 1 to 2 tablespoons of sodium perborate or a powdered bleach containing sodium perborate or potassium monopersulfate with 1 pint of water. Use hot water if it is safe for the fabric; otherwise use lukewarm water. Sponge the stain or soak the stained area in the solution, or sprinkle the dry powder directly on the dampened stain. Let solution or powder remain on the stain 30 minutes or longer, then rinse thoroughly.

If mildew stains have been on the fabric for some time, it may be necessary to soak the fabric in the bleach solution overnight. Applying sodium perborate solution at or near the boiling point may remove stubborn stains. First be sure this treatment is safe for the fabric.




Chlorine bleach

Mix 2 tablespoons of liquid chlorine bleach with 1 quart of warm water. Sponge the stain or soak the stained area in the solution from 5 to 15 minutes, then rinse. An additional soaking in weak vinegar (2 tablespoons to a cup of water) will stop further bleach action. Never use a chlorine bleach on silk, wool, or Spandex fabrics. Some fabrics with wash-and-wear or other special finishes may be damaged by chlorine bleaches. Articles with such finishes usually have a warning on the label attached to the garment when it is sold.



Stain Remover Guide

Ballpoint Ink .... Use rubbing alcohol.

Beer - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot. Blood - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery (CLEANING INGREDIENTS MUST BE COLD) 1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) to a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Butter - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot.



Candle Wax - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Remove with heated iron into absorbent paper towel or napkin. 2. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 3. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot.



Candy (sugar) - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one with the neutral detergent. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Cheese - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half- cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one with the neutral detergent. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Chewing Gum - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot.


Chocolate - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Coffee - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.




Cola drinks - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot.


Cosmetics (mascara) - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Crayon - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Catsup - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Earth (dirt)- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one with the detergent. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Egg (raw)- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Excrement- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 5. Sponge with clean water. Blot.




Fruit and Juices - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Rinse with white household vinegar. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Furniture polish- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clear water. Blot.



Glue (school, white) - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Gravy- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clear water. Blot.



Hand lotion - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Ice cream - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4.Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Ink (ballpoint) - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backing or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Iodine, Merthiolate - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 4. Repeat step one. Blot. 5. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Marble Stain Removal - Make a poultice from white absorbent material such as a napkin, blotter, paper towel or facial tissue, dampened with the chemical recommended to dissolve that stain; or mix whiting with that chemical to make a soft paste to cover the stain. The poultice should be left on the stain from 1 hour up to 48 hours, depending on the age and depth of the stain. Plastic wrap, held in place by masking tape, can be put over the poultice to keep it damp; otherwise it will have to be redampened with the chemical periodically. Mix only enough poultice for immediate use; mix a second batch if another application is needed.


Marking Ink Pen - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Milk - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. Blot. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Nail Polish - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Apply nail polish remover (acetone). Blot. 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.




Oil Stains

Oil stains may include butter, hand cream or lotion. As soon as possible, spread surface with an absorbent fine powder such as whiting or even corn starch. After short time brush to remove and reapply more powder. Let stand 24 hours.

To remove: Scrub with hot, sudsy (detergent) solution and stiff brush. Or wipe with ammonia-dampened cloth. In either case, then rinse and wipe dry. If these alkaline solutions don't remove all the oil, you can try a solvent. Make a poultice dampened with acetone or amyl acetate (available at drug stores), or with home dry cleaning fluid. Use good ventilation with windows open to remove fumes, do not use near spark or flame, and do not leave on too long.



Organic Stains
Tea, coffee, colors bleached from paper, textiles or soft drinks. Make poultice soaked with 20% peroxide (hair bleaching strength) and a few drop of ammonia.



Paint, Latex - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Sponge with clean water. Blot.


Paint, Oil-Base Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot. 4. OR Seek the help of a professional carpet cleaner.




Removing Blue Stains on Bathroom Fixtures:

Blue, green or other unusual colored stains, can be caused in old, badly worn bathtubs andsinks, from cleansers not rinsed off thoroughly. When harsh abrasives (such as most scouring powders) are used regularly on these porcelain enamel surfaces, over several years they wear down the smooth surface, leaving it rough.

Dyes used to encapsulate the cleaning particles in scouring powders or other colored cleansers can get into the crevices of such worn surfaces, and if not rinsed off, and allowed to stay and harden for days, can be almost impossible to remove. A strong chlorine bleach solution may lighten the stain, but will also further dull or discolor the porcelain surface. So one may have to live with the stain.




Removing Rust/Iron Stains on Bathroom Fixtures:

Rust stains come from iron in the water supply, which can only be permanently remove through installation of an iron filter. Occasionally iron is dissolved from rusting water pipes or mains by corrosive water. Iron stains can be removed by a weak acid solution, usually oxalic acid which is highly toxic and must be handled with care. Never use chlorine bleach as this sets the iron stain.

Fresh iron stains on plumbing fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs and chrome will generally yield to treatment with heavy duty cleaning compounds containing large proportions of trisodium phosphate. Apply cleaner with damp cloth, pad or sponge. Rub discolored surface until stain is removed. Rinse. Wipe dry and polish.

Heavy, stubborn rust stains can often be removed by oxalic acid stain remover compounds such as Zud or a tri-chloro-melanine compound such as Barkeepers Friend. Follow directions carefully.

For rust stains already set on bathroom or kitchen plumbing fixtures, dissolve oxalic acid crystals in hot water and add enough whiting or talc to make a soft paste. Apply this poultice to stain and let dry before removing. Rinse and polish.Use with care-it is poisonous.



Rubber Cement- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Rust- Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery

Use Whink or Zud or other Rust Remover. Follow directions on package.





Shoe polish - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot. 4. OR Seek the help of a professional carpet cleaner.



Soft Drinks - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clear water. Blot.





Soy Sauce - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one tablespoon of household ammonia with a half-cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Tar (asphalt) - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid, or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Tea - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.





Terrazzo Floors - Stain Removal
Caution: Follow directions carefully when you use chemicals to remove stains. Always "remove the stain remover" as soon as its job has been done. Remember many of these substances are on the "Not recommended list" for general floor care, but must be used if the stain is to be removed. Try the following methods for these common stains. Try the first method listed first, and go to the second only if this doesn't work. For unknown stains or heavy staining, consult a professional.



Vaseline - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge with a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.

Wax (paste) - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Sponge a small amount of dry-cleaning solvent. Blot. (Use small amounts to prevent any possible damage to sizings, backings, or stuffing materials. Do not use gasoline, lighter fluid or carbon tetrachloride). 2. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 3. Sponge with clean water. Blot.



Wine - Stain Removal on Carpet and Upholstery
1. Mix one teaspoon of a neutral detergent (a mild detergent containing no alkalies or bleaches) with a cup of luke-warm water. Blot. 2. Mix one-third cup of white household vinegar with two-thirds cup of water. Blot. 3. Repeat step one. 4. Sponge with clean water. Blot.

Natural Cleaning Solutions: Floor Care

Alcoholic Beverage Stains on Hard Surface Floors

Rub with a cloth dampened in a solution of detergent and warm water. If the stain remains, rub it with a different cloth dampened with denatured alcohol.

Asphalt Tile - Care and Cleaning

Care

Very hard, brittle tile, installed mostly in older buildings. Softened by grease so wipe up spills promptly. Also softened/dissolved by solvents, so do not use solvents, or solvent-based polishing waxes on it.

Cleaning

Asphalt tile is not damaged by alkali, so can you use alkaline cleaners on it. Damp mop as recommended for vinyl. When soil is not removed by damp-mopping, wash with detergent and water, or mild ammonia and water solution, and rinse well. Wax only with water-based wax.

Blood Stains on Hard Surface Floors

Mop or sponge with clear, cold water. If the stain remains, mop or sponge it with a solution of ammonia and cold water.

Cautions: When working with any chemicals, carefully read and follow the label directions for using that chemical, especially any cautions on safe use! With solvents, be very careful to have ventilation, and no flame or spark in area!

The first time you use any procedure on any floor, test it first on an out-of-the-way part of the floor to be sure it does not damage the flooring or finish.

Notes: If steel wool is suggested, use fine grade, 000 grade. Scouring powder will help remove many stains, but can also permanently scratch the floor.

If you decide to use it, use only a mild type, and be very careful about rubbing too much. Concentrated liquid commercial household cleaners, rubbed onto a stubborn spot, may remove it as well as scouring powders without the danger of scratching. Rinse off well. Do not use on wood floors.

Do not use water solutions, or cleaners which have to be rinsed off with water, on wood floors. Use a solvent or solvent-based cleaning wax.

After removing a stain, rinse the area thoroughly, dry completely, and, if floor finish has been removed in that area, recoat with appropriate finish or wax.


Candle Wax or Chewing Gum on Hard Surface Floors

Freeze the material to brittleness by using ice cubes. Then scrape the material off the floor with a plastic spatula.

Cautions: When working with any chemicals, carefully read and follow the label directions for using that chemical, especially any cautions on safe use! With solvents, be very careful to have ventilation, and no flame or spark in area!

The first time you use any procedure on any floor, test it first on an out-of-the-way part of the floor to be sure it does not damage the flooring or finish.

Notes: If steel wool is suggested, use fine grade, 000 grade.

Scouring powder will help remove many stains, but can also permanently scratch the floor. If you decide to use it, use only a mild type, and be very careful about rubbing too much.

Concentrated liquid commercial household cleaners, rubbed onto a stubborn spot, may remove it as well as scouring powders without the danger of scratching. Rinse off well. Do not use on wood floors.

Do not use water solutions, or cleaners which have to be rinsed off with water, on wood floors. Use a solvent or solvent-based cleaning wax.

After removing a stain, rinse the area thoroughly, dry completely, and, if floor finish has been removed in that area, recoat with appropriate finish or wax.


Candy Stains on Hard Surface Floors

Rub with a cloth dampened in detergent and warm water. For abrasive action, use steel wool instead of a cloth except on "no wax", or hard-surface floors. On them use powdered detergent and a plastic scrubbing pad dampened with warm water.

Cautions: When working with any chemicals, carefully read and follow the label directions for using that chemical, especially any cautions on safe use! With solvents, be very careful to have ventilation, and no flame or spark in area!

The first time you use any procedure on any floor, test it first on an out-of-the-way part of the floor to be sure it does not damage the flooring or finish.

Notes: If steel wool is suggested, use fine grade, 000 grade.

Scouring powder will help remove many stains, but can also permanently scratch the floor. If you decide to use it, use only a mild type, and be very careful about rubbing too much.

Concentrated liquid commercial household cleaners, rubbed onto a stubborn spot, may remove it as well as scouring powders without the danger of scratching. Rinse off well. Do not use on wood floors.

Do not use water solutions, or cleaners which have to be rinsed off with water, on wood floors. Use a solvent or solvent-based cleaning wax.

After removing a stain, rinse the area thoroughly, dry completely, and, if floor finish has been removed in that area, recoat with appropriate finish or wax.


Concrete, Cement - Grease Stains

In a garage, it is advisable to place a shallow metal pan under the car to catch dripping oil. Spreading the area under the car with sand or sawdust will help absorb dripping oil. Periodically saturated sand or sawdust should be scraped away and fresh, clean material put in place. This will prevent tracking oil to other areas of cement or into the house.

If oil or grease is spilled on porch or patio cement, apply an absorbent powder such as fuller's earth, cornmeal, or sawdust to absorb as much oil as possible immediately. Leave it on stain for a few hours and sweep up.



To remove the grease stain:

1. Using a stiff long handled brush, scrub stain with concentrated detergent suds. Rinse well with hose. Dry and repeat if necessary.

2. Sprinkle "dishwasher" detergent (dry) on wet concrete. Let it stand a few minutes; pour boiling water on area. Scrub and rinse. Use rubber gloves on hands.

3. Commercial Product: One brand is Garage and Driveway Cleaner by Red Devil Co. available in paint or/and hardware stores. It can also be used on blacktop surfaces. Other similar brands may be available in your area.

4. On wet oily surface of concrete, sprinkle with trisodium phosphate. Allow to stand 15 to 30 minutes, then scrub with stiff brush and hot water. Rinse with clean water. Do not use on asphalt.

OR: Dissolve a cup trisodium of phosphate in 1 gallon of hot water. Pour over stained cement surface generously and allow to soak 15 to 20 minutes. Scrub vigorously with stiff brush or broom. Rinse off with hose. Repeat if necessary. Do not use on asphalt.
5. Scrub the concrete with a grease solvent to remove as much as possible of the grease stain. Have good ventilation and avoid spark or flame as solvents are flammable. Benzine, often recommended, can ignite, just from a spark from friction or rubbing.

6. Mix 1 part sodium citrate to 6 parts water and 6 parts glycerine and add enough whiting or fuller's earth to make a thick paste. Spread paste on oil or grease stain. Let stand 1 week. Add new paste when it dries. Flush with water after brushing dry paste away. Repeat if necessary.


Vinyl Floors - Removing Old Wax

If too many layers of wax build up, especially in non-traffic areas, floor may discolor or look yellowed. Removing all the wax requires harsher cleaning than ordinary cleaning, and should be done no oftener than once a year, and not that often when not necessary.

You can buy commercial wax removers, some made to remove certain types of waxes, or use a homemade solution. If you know the brand of wax on the floor, follow directions on its label for removal.

If you want to make a cleaner:

1. Mix from 1/2 cup to 1 cup of ammonia (start with less and add more if needed) and one cup laundry detergent in 1 gallon warm water.

2. Test in an inconspicuous area to see if it softens the wax film. After several minutes, the area where the solution has been applied with a sponge mop should turn cloudy and soften.

3. Then scrub that area with a stiff brush, electric scrubber or very fine steel wool pads to loosen old wax.

4. Repeat process in another area until entire floor is stripped of wax.

5. Rinse thoroughly with clean, cool water.

6. After drying thoroughly, apply one or two coats of wax depending on conditions of floor, drying between coats according to wax instructions.



Rushes, Grass Rugs - Care and Cleaning

Care

Natural fiber rugs are made of rushes and grasses. Fiber rugs should only be used in dry areas. They should not be put on patios, open porches or damp basements since moisture can cause deterioration. Coarsely woven natural rugs serve as durable floor rugs, but lacily woven types made of delicate fibers should be used as wall hangings.

Cleaning

Natural fibers do not attract much dirt because they are antistatic. Any dirt trapped in the fibers can be removed with the floor brush attachment of a vacuum cleaner. A fiber rug can be cleaned with detergent and water. To do this, take the rug outdoors. Dip a brush in a detergent solution to clean the entire surface; rinse with a hose. Hang the rug over a clothesline in the sun. Be sure it dries quickly and completely. Damp, natural fiber rugs will mildew and eventually disintegrate.

Tar on Hard Surface Floors

To remove tar, freeze it to brittleness with ice cubes and then scrape it off with a plastic spatula. To remove the tar stain, wipe with a cloth dampened with either a dry cleaning solvent or a formulated safety solvent.

Cautions: When working with any chemicals, carefully read and follow the label directions for using that chemical, especially any cautions on safe use! With solvents, be very careful to have ventilation, and no flame or spark in area!

The first time you use any procedure on any floor, test it first on an out-of-the-way part of the floor to be sure it does not damage the flooring or finish.

Notes: If steel wool is suggested, use fine grade, 000 grade.

Scouring powder will help remove many stains, but can also permanently scratch the floor. If you decide to use it, use only a mild type, and be very careful about rubbing too much.

Concentrated liquid commercial household cleaners, rubbed onto a stubborn spot, may remove it as well as scouring powders without the danger of scratching. Rinse off well. Do not use on wood floors.

Do not use water solutions, or cleaners which have to be rinsed off with water, on wood floors. Use a solvent or solvent-based cleaning wax.

After removing a stain, rinse the area thoroughly, dry completely, and, if floor finish has been removed in that area, recoat with appropriate finish or wax.



Carpets Cleaning - General Information

Eventually carpets need some type of cleaning to remove soil that sticks to the fibers. How often depends on amount of use and soil carpet gets; some areas will need cleaning before other. Basic methods are: dry absorbent powder, foam, shampooing, and hot water extraction (sometimes called steam cleaning or extraction). Each method has advantages and disadvantages. Costs in dollars, time, and energy vary, as do skill needed to do a good job. Always vacuum thoroughly before starting cleaning method.

Here are some general precautions for all methods:

* Pretest before using (see "Carpets-Pretesting Cleaning Products")
* Protect the carpet from rust stains by putting aluminum foil, wax paper, or plastic wrap under furniture legs, until carpet is dry.
* Follow the cleaner and equipment instructions as directed.
* Do not overwet the carpet. Excess moisture can cause shrinkage, streaks, or mildew.
* Keep mechanical action to a minimum to avoid carpet damage or streaks.

Home Shampoo Formula

Lightly soiled carpets can also be shampooed using a home formula of 1 tablespoon light-duty detergent (such as liquid dish detergent) whipped with 1 cup warm water to form heavy suds. Never use soap, ammonia (a dilute solution is sometimes necessary for removing certain stains), washing soda, or strong household cleaning agents on carpeting. Soap leaves a sticky residue that encourages resoiling. Harsh cleansers are not necessary and may have an adverse effect on carpet fibers and dyes.

Apply the dry suds to a small area at a time with a damp sponge. Remove soiled suds with a spatula and rinse with clear, cool water. Repeat process until entire carpet is cleaned; overlap areas as you work. Be careful not to over-wet the carpet. When carpet is thoroughly dry, vacuum to remove any residue or suspended soil.

Whipping up your own shampoo may cost less in dollars, but takes much more time and energy to do. In most cases it's much more practical to use a commercial rug shampoo, which is formulated to give you better results.

Natural Cleaning Solutions: Around the House

Painted Walls and Woodwork

Use one of the following to wash painted surfaces: 1/4 cup ammonia and 1 gal warm water, OR 1 tbsp trisodium phosphate and 1 gal warm water, OR 1/4 cup liquid dish detergent and 1 gal water. To prevent streaking, begin washing at the bottom of the wall and work toward the top; wash ceiling last. Rinse thoroughly and change rinse water frequently.

Windows and Glass

Use one of the following mixtures to clean glass and windows: to remove soil and grease, use 1/4 cup ammonia diluted in 2 qts warm water; to remove hard water deposits and soil, use 1/4 cup vinegar diluted in 2 qts warm water; to remove extra heavy soil and grease build-up, combine 1/2 cup ammonia, 2 cups rubbing alcohol and 1 gal water.

Tips- When washing windows, wash sills and cross- pieces first wipe windows with lintless cloth, paper towels or crumpled newspapers to prevent streaking, wash windows out of direct sunlight for touch-ups, keep any one of the above preparations in a spray bottle, spray on dirty area and wipe.

Upholstery

(Note: Commercial upholstery shampoos do a good job and are easy to use. However, if you wish you can use the following homemade preparation.)

Combine 1/4 cup liquid dish detergent or laundry detergent and 1 cup warm water. With a hand mixer, whip until dry suds form (the suds will look like whipped cream). Test upholstery in an unnoticeable area by applying dry suds with a cloth or soft brush and lightly scrubbing. Allow to dry. If the area looks the same but cleaner, the entire piece of upholstery may be cleaned in this manner. Shampoo only a small area at a time and use a spatula or rubber scraper to lift off dirty suds. Repeat if necessary, then wipe area with a clean cloth dipped in clear water and wrung nearly dry. Dry completely.

Tips-Keep upholstery as dry as possible while shampooing to prevent damage. For quick drying, open windows or turn on an electric fan, a dehumidifier, or an air conditioner in the same room.

Candles, Telephones

Sponge with a piece of cotton dipped in rubbing alcohol.

Carpet Freshener

Combine 3/4 cup baking soda, 2 tbsp corn starch, and 1/4 cup perfumed talcum powder. Sprinkle on dry carpet, let stand 5 to 15 minutes, then vacuum.

Cobwebs

For hard to reach spots, slip a sock over the end of a yardstick and secure with a rubber band, then sweep the area. This method works well for cleaning under radiators and refrigerators also.

Pet Urine

Dab area with toweling, wash with suds of liquid dish detergent, and rinse with 1/2 cup vinegar diluted in 1 qt warm water. Lay towels or paper towels over the spot and weight down to absorb excess moisture. Let stand 4 to 6 hours, then remove toweling, brush up nap and allow to dry completely. To speed drying, use an electric fan.

Ovens
Fill a small glass bowl with 1/2 cup full-strength ammonia, place in oven and close. Let stand overnight, then wipe loosened dirt with paper towels or newspapers. If necessary, rub surfaces with a suitable abrasive, such as fine steel wool, then wash with warm soapy water and rinse. Repeat process if necessary. Homemade Window Glass Cleaner 1/2 cup vinegar to 1 gallon of water (or 2 tablespoons per quart) OR 1/2 cup sudsy ammonia to 1 gallon water (or 2 tablespoons per quart) OR 1/2 cup sudsy ammonia 2 cups rubbing alcohol 1 teaspoon liquid dishwashing detergent 1 gallon water (This one is less likely to freeze in cold weather.)

Pots and Pans - Burned, and Crusted,on Foods

Soak or boil a solution of 2 tbsp baking soda per qt of water in each pan. Let stand until particles are loosened, then wash as usual. Use a mild or moderate abrasive if necessary.
Discolored Aluminum Heat a solution of 1 tbsp vinegar per qt of water or 2 tsp cream of tartar per qt of water in each pan until discoloration disappears. Grease Rub greasy spots with a mild or moderate abrasive, such as fine steel wool, and a dish detergent until they disappear. Stained No-Stick Cookware To remove stains from no-stick surfaces, pour a solution of 1 cup water, 2 tbsp baking soda and 1/2 cup chlorine bleach into the pan and simmer 5 to 10 minutes. Do not allow mixture to boil or to boil over the side of the pan. Wash in hot soapy water, rinse and dry. Apply a light coating of cooking oil. (Note: This formula may fade dark-colored surfaces.)

Drains

To keep drains clear, flush daily with scalding water. For grease buildup, dissolve 1 lb washing soda in 3 gal boiling water and pour down drain. To avoid burns from boiling water, hold water container close to drain and pour slowly and directly into drain. For heavy grease buildup, use a commercial drain opener. Exercise extreme caution when using and follow label instructions exactly. (Commercial drain openers can be used to clear hair buildup from bathroom drains, also.)

Disinfectant/Mildew Remover

Dilute 3/4 cup chlorine bleach in 1 gal of water. Apply to tile and grout and scrub; wipe shower stall and curtain; rinse thoroughly.

Fixtures

To clean stainless steel, chrome, fiberglass, ceramic, porcelain or enamel fixtures, dissolve 2 tbsp baking soda in 1 qt of water.

Rust Stain and Hard Water Deposit Remover

Apply full-strength vinegar or lemon juice and let stand until spot disappears, then rinse. Repeat if necessary.

Soap Scum

Apply baking soda dry or as a thick paste, rub vigorously with a wet sponge, then rinse.

Toilet Bowl

Pour 1/4 cup full strength chlorine bleach OR 1/2 cup full strength ammonia into bowl. DO NOT USE BOTH. Swish with a bowl brush and flush.

Combs and Brushes

Fill a basin with hot water, and add either 2 tbsp ammonia OR 1 tsp liquid dish detergent. Drop in combs and brushes and soak 10 minutes, then use combs to clean brushes. Rinse thoroughly and air dry.

Gardening Au Naturel

Gardening Au Naturel
by Ed Nelligan III

If you garden to relive stress, nude gardening could be your cure all.

Naked gardening, it is a practice that many, perhaps most, would deem inappropriate, shocking or just plain silly. But those who do prune and dig in the nude find it to be an extension of the stress relieving aspects so many of us harvest from our gardens.

"It's like explaining how an apple tastes to somebody who's never had one," say T. A. Wyner, one of the founders and a wintertime resident of Sunnier Palms Nudist Park in South Florida. "But the stress reducing benefits of gardening are exponentially increased when nude".

Like many people pressed for time, Wyner says she often postpones her leisure time gardening.

Evening Primrose

These soft-scented flowers have four satiny heart-shaped petals that come together forming two inch open cups with frilly long stamens. When they open in the evening, the blossoms are a soft clear white that gradually fades into pink as the flowers mature. Their luscious scent reminds us of a cross between honeysuckle and lemon custard. The flowers open every evening throughout summer until first frost.

Sweet-scented Nicotiana

These nicotianas have creamy-white tubular flowers borne in graceful sprays on softly draping branches. The 2 to 3 inch trumpet-shaped blossoms are closed in the daytime but in the late afternoon and evening they fill the air with a jasmine-like scent.


Moonflowers

These 6 inch trumpet flowers unfurl in slow motion every night just at sunset. Pure white with faint green tracings, the blossoms are very fragrant all evening. By noon, the flowers dwindle and close and are barely seen in the dense foliage.

"Midnight Candy" Night Phlox

"These tidy upright plants bear umbrella-like clusters of small, delicate phlox-like flowers. The insides of the petals are pure white and the outsides are a satiny maroon with a hint of white where petals overlap. During the day, the flowers are tightly closed, just showing a hint of color. As dusk comes on there is a magic moment when they open like a display of little firework stars, releasing a delicious almond/honey/vanilla-like fragrance that wafts throughout the garden."

Angel's Trumpet

Datura meteloides has six-inch white trumpet flowers that open at night and remain open well into the following day. This flower is a favorite subject of Georgia O'Keefe. Warning: poisonous.

Evening Stock

Many branched 1½ foot plants have gray-green leaves and 1 inch star shaped flowers of very pale violet. The blooms are closed tightly all day but open at dusk to pour out a fantastic spicy fragrance.

Nottingham Catchfly,
Night-flowering Catchfly, and
White Campion

These are all members of the genus Silene, which also has several day-blooming members. These plants have sticky stems, hence the name 'catchfly'. The odor of the Nottingham catchfly is described as sweet and reminiscent of hyacinths, and its flowers open on three successive nights before withering.

Bouncing Bet
(Also known as soapwort)

With either pink or white blossoms, this plant fill the night with sweet perfume. Also used to make detergent--hence the soapwort moniker.

Four o'Clocks

In late afternoon, Mirabilis jalapa's two inch trumpet-shaped flowers unfurl, releasing a rich jasmine-like perfume. These plants, with blooms in pink, rose, white, orange, and yellow, are very easy to grow and fast growing. They're also known as "Marvel of Peru".

>
August Lily (fragrant Hosta)

The leaves are about 6 inches long and 4 inches wide, with 8 pairs of impressed veins. The white, waxy, trumpet-shaped flowers appear on 30 inch scapes and each is 5 inches long and 3 inches wide. The scent is of pure honey.

Vesper Iris

A native of Mongolia, the sweetly fragrant flowers are a dull greenish white spotted with brownish purple or reddish purple with white splotches. Like many iris blossoms, they become spirally twisted after flowering.There's also about 50 different cultivars of daylilies which bloom at night. Some of my favorites are called 'After the Fall' (tangerine and copper blend with yellow halo), 'Jewel of Hearts' (dark red flowers with a red-black center), 'Moon Frolic' (near white), 'Toltec Sundial' (fragrant sunshine yellow) and 'Witches Dance' (dark red with a green throat).

Night Fragrant Plants

Many plants will have flowers open during the day, but they don't release their scent until evening:

Perfumed Fairy Lily

Chlidanthus fragrans has a rich lily fragrance at night. Three or four yellow, funnel shaped flowers are carried on stems up to a foot high.

Night Gladiolus

Gladiolus tristus has creamy yellow blossoms that are intensely fragrant at night with a spicy-sweet perfume, and the unusual leaves look like a pinwheel cut in half.



Tuberose

Victorians loved this sweet and heady (almost overpowering) fragrance. The flowers are waxy white and 2 inches long.

Carolina Jessamine
(also known as evening trumpet flower)

The evergreen leaves surround sweetly fragrant, bell-shaped flowers of bright yellow that are particularly sweet as evening approaches. This grows wild in the South.

Sweet Rocket

Also known as Dame's Rocket, Dame's Violet, and Mother of the Evening, Hesperis matronalis is perfect for a night garden. Colors range from white to purple, and the smell, which is released in the evening, is incredibly delicious. They get about 3-4 feet high.

Spells and Soil

Garden Spells by Claire Nahmad
The Magic of Herbs, Trees, and Flowers
Introduction

A garden is a holy place. From the concept of the Garden of Eden as humanity's mystic point of origin to the idea of paradise as a garden which represents the realm of final homecoming to which we strive and aspire, gardens seem to be enshrined in our consciousness as the alpha and omega of spiritual experience.

It was in a garden that Christ underwent his sleepless night of agony before his sacrifice the following day, and in a garden too that Mary Magdalene met the arisen Christ, mistaking him at first for the gardener. In many religions, the idea of the garden is celebrated with reverence; and in the folklore of ancient Britain, magical associations are given to every tree, herb, bush and flower of the wayside and the garden. In its wider sense the garden embraces the countryside and according to the wisdom of the philosophers, alchemists, hermits and wise women of the past-the entire earth.

From such a macrocosm, we come to the microcosmic gardens of our own making, a custom that began with the dawn of our civilization when "gardens of Adonis" were set out in containers on rooftops in ancient Greece and bloomed in profusions of roses. Even then, gardens were regarded as a sanctuary, some peaceful, sweet-flowering green arbour where people could retire to think and to give ear to the wisdom and inspiration inherent in nature. The Greek philosopher Epicurus taught his pupils in a garden, and poets, painters and musicians throughout the ages have found their muses therein.

In ages past, intellectual accomplishments and the opportunity for self-expression through the arts were largely denied to women. The craft of garden making, however, was not. The garden was often their special domain and became the embodiment of their inspiration-both practical and poetic. In addition to the "silver bells, cockle shells, and pretty maids all in a row" or the flower garden, there was nourishment from the kitchen garden, and healing and restorative plants grown in the medicinal garden.

The ideas of magic and enchantment, of the effect of the moon and stars on the tides of growth and decline in nature, and of fairies, elves and gnomes who were mysteriously associated with the subtle creative forces of the earth, were never far removed from the domestic garden where all this mystery could be seen taking place.

Strange magical beings were encountered: tiny flower fairies, little old men and women who seemed to have the garden under their care, tall and beautiful elf men and women who lived in trees and who could created music as fairy pipers-angelic spirits of the garden who seemed to endow the air with grace and beauty and colour-and fabulous beasts which might appear within its precincts to warn, protect or bring a supernatural message. All have been reported as living constituents of the folklore of the garden, encountered by simple country people not given to flights of the imagination.


As our understanding of the world increases, we will hopefully come to realize more fully that there is real wisdom and knowledge to be gained from the treasures of our folklore. Already we are aware that life is composed of many subtle vibrations and emanations, of which we have had little or no previous scientific knowledge, which have been preserved in the vision of wise women and esoteric lore.

It is in the light of this awareness that Garden Spells is offered. It is a Victorian wise woman's guide to the marvels, mystery and magic associated with the garden, from its trees, flowers and herbs, through its animals, birds, and insects and its spirits and fairy folk, to the rocks and stones that can be found in its soil. Here are the charms, spells, invocations, and runes of wise women's lore, accompanied by instructions for blessing the garden, foretelling the weather and developing a rapport with flowers, trees, fairies, and animals. There are instructions for creating an herb garden in the Elizabethan mode, and tips for ridding the garden of pests and attracting butterflies.

There is true fascination in discovering the magic of these charms and rituals. For those who dislike the harsh chemical effects of modern methods Garden Spells offers a new philosophy based on love and respect for all life.

Its inspiration comes from centuries of homespun wisdom and traditional lore which reveals how every garden can be given a special atmosphere if its owner's heart is put into creating and tending it.

2 Spells for the Garden

Protect Your Garden Spell
Incense of the day: Evergreen

During the month of May in colonial America, farmers would bless
their land and pray for a good harvest. Revive this tradition by
performing this spell to protect your garden.

On a May eve,
As the Sun forgets the
light of day,
Fill an earthen vessel
made of clay
With soil from your
sacred ground,
Then add a pinch of
cinnamon,
Spicy and brown,
And a bit of clove to
purify.
Let this be witnessed by
Mother Earth and
Father Sky,
Stir it all with a nail
aged with rust,
Blend these elements
until they're reduced
to dust.

Sprinkle this about each
bed and border,
As you announce your
magical order:
No beast nor fowl from
sky or land
Shall bring harm to this
garden,
Which I protect by my
own hand.
To secure your garden's
protection and fate,
Bury the rusty nail near
your garden gate.

~by James Kambos







Potting Soil Recipes

Here are several formulas for soil mixes from a book: The New Seed Starters Handbook.

Home-Style Potting Soil
1 part finished compost
1 part loose garden or commercial potting soil
1 part sharp sand, perlite, or vermiculite - or a mixture of all 3

Thalassa Cruso's Potting Soil
1 part commercial potting soil or leaf mold
1 part sphagnum or peat moss
1 part perlite or sharp sand

Rich Potting Soil
1 part leaf mold
2 parts loose garden or commercial potting soil
1 part compost or rotted, sifted manure

Amended Potting Soil
4 parts loose garden or commercial potting soil
2 parts sphagnum or peat moss
2 parts leaf mold or compost
2 parts vermiculite
6 teaspoons dolomitic limestone (the limestone helps to neutralize the acids in the leaf mold and peat moss)

~by Nancy Bubel Rodale

Garlic vs Evil...... The Power of Garlic...

Garlic vs Evil...... The Power of Garlic...

Garlic (Allium Sativum) has been used as a charm against evil and dates back to Ancient times. the ancient Egyptians believed in a Vampire-like ghost that killed sleeping children by sucking up their breath. The protection that was used against the attacks of this murderous monster was a wreath of garlic.

The use of garlic is known all over the world, not only as a tasty accent to foods, but also as a charm against evil spirits. Even in places such as China or Malaysia, people smear the forehead of their children to protect them from Vampires, and in the West Indies too, garlic is used as a means of protection against the evil practices and Magical Spells of Witches and Sorcerers.

In Romania, garlic is also a weapon of importance in the everlasting battle against Vampires. Romanians used to make certain that they ate garlic every day for their protection. They also smeared garlic on the windows and the doors of their houses, on the gates to their farmyards, and even on the horns of their cattle. They believed that these Vampires had a great fear of garlic. If a deceased person was thought to be in danger of becoming a Vampire, one common protective measure was stuffing some pieces of garlic into the orifices of the corpse, especially the mouth. This was done in order to prevent evil spirits from entering the dead body. At the same times it served the purpose of preventing the soul of the deceased from re-entering its body. Another anti-Vampire practice that we can find in Romania is the anointing of the corpse, especially the heels, with a mixture of oil, fat, incense, gunpowder and garlic.

In some cultures people would simply wear a necklace of garlic cloves for protection against evil. Any way you look at it.... garlic is believed to be a major source of protection from evil.

Now I am going to tell you about my experiences with garlic. For me.... I take odor free Garlic tablets every night before I go to bed. I take 2 - 1,000mg tablets at a time. Also the reason I take it at night is so I do not worry about burping up garlic during the day. Garlic has boosted my immune system immensely... to where I never ever get sick any more.... never. To hell with vitamin C Tablets.... they just don't compare. Also my cholesterol has dropped big time. Plus... the bad spirits stay away from me.

Garlic has some extremely great health benefits. It will lower your cholesterol and unclog your arteries. It will shrink cancerous tumors and keep cancer out of your body. It will also boost your immune system greatly. Now don't wait till you get sick or have cancer to start taking it..... start now! And see you life improve.





Here are the benefits that are shown from studies:

* Garlic lowers blood pressure a little.

* Garlic lowers LDL Cholesterol a little.

* Garlic helps reduce atherosclerotic buildup (plaque) within the arterial system. One recent study shows this effect to be greater in women than men.

* Garlic lowers or helps to regulate blood sugar.

* Garlic helps to prevent blood clots from forming, thus reducing the possibility of strokes and thromboses (It may not be good for hemophiliacs).

* Garlic helps to prevent cancer, especially of the digestive system, prevents certain tumors from growing larger and reduces the size of certain tumors.

* Garlic helps to remove heavy metals such as lead and mercury from the body.

* Raw Garlic is a potent natural antibiotic and, while far less strong than modern antibiotics, can still kill some strains of bacteria that have become immune or resistant to modern antibiotics.

* Garlic has anti-fungal and anti-viral properties.

* Garlic dramatically reduces yeast infections due to Candida species.

* Garlic has anti-oxidant properties and is a source of selenium.

* Garlic probably has many other benefits as well.


[Author Unknown]

3 Uses for Vinegar

Herb Vinegar

One of the simplest recipes for using herbs is this 19th-century
hint for making flavored vinegar: Pour plain vinegar over herbs in a
bottle and let it sit for a month in the sun. What could be easier?

A more refined vinegar can be made by taking approximately 1 cup of
fresh herbs (basil, tarragon, or thyme, for example) and placing
them in a clean quart jar. Heat vinegar just to the boiling point
and pour it over the herbs, filling the jar to the top. Seal and
store in a cool, dark place for at least three weeks for the fullest
flavor. Strain the vinegar into 2 pint bottles and add a fresh sprig
of the herb. (Use decorative bottles if you're planning to give
these as gifts.)

You can use a single herb in plain white vinegar, or try a medley of
herbs in other vinegars (such as cider vinegar or red or white wine
vinegar). Here are a few suggestions to get you started, but feel
free to experiment and invent your own blends: white vinegar with
tarragon leaves, basil leaves, and peeled shallots; sherry vinegar
with fresh rosemary leaves, minced horseradish, or chopped dried
chilies; red wine vinegar with sage, parsley, and shallots.



Raspberry Vinegar

Add a bit of raspberry vinegar anytime you're baking something
chocolate. It will boost more than just the flavor – though it does
that too! To make raspberry vinegar - fill a bottle ¾ full with
fresh raspberries (okay, frozen works also) then add a good apple
cider vinegar to the top. Set this in a sunny windowsill for 2 weeks
(besides the warmth helping to "cook" the concoction, the light
streaming through the ruby red potion is beautiful!). Strain; add
more raspberries and set it back for another couple of weeks.

Add about 2 or 3 Tablespoons to a chocolate cake batter or a batch
of brownies; a teaspoon or two to frosting, hot cocoa etc.

Sweetened & combined with sparkling water, this also makes a
refreshing, old fashioned summer drink. Fresh mint leaves (slightly
bruised) added to this also taste wonderful! – but don't use them if
you are making "the Potion". Mint does nothing for the libido -
it's more "cerebral".



Chest Cold Vinegar

1 Large onion (sliced)
1/2 Cup Dried Mullein Flowers
7 Cloves Garlic (crushed)
2 Tablespoons (Crushed or grated) Horseradish
2 Tablespoons Fresh Grated Ginger
2 Tablespoons Honey
Apple Cider Vinegar

Fill jar with layers of these ingredients until full. Then top with
Apple Cider Vinegar Refrigerate and use after 24 hrs. Take 2-3
teaspoons of the juice 2-3 times daily. Keeps for 6 Weeks.